Edward pitoniak net worth. Exeter, RI 02822 . Edward pitoniak net worth

 
 Exeter, RI 02822 Edward pitoniak net worth  Check Background Get Contact Info This Is Me - Edit

Anthony S Pitoniak has 2 addresses, the most recent one is 201 Kenwood Dr S, Levittown, Pa 19055-2430. See Edward Baltazar Pitoniak's compensation, career history, education, & memberships. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. 7 million in Q2, up from a loss of $57. A phone number associated with this person is (413) 586-2611,. Pitoniak is the Chief Executive Officer of VICI Properties Inc. July 26, 2023 04:57 PM Eastern Daylight Time. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. His annual package is estimated to be around 15-25 million USD. What is the salary of Mr Pitoniak? As the CEO & Director of VICI Properties Inc, the total compensation of Mr Pitoniak at VICI Properties Inc is $3,612,894. Mr. VICI Properties Inc. Luczo recently bought a large block of shares of the media and telecom firm. 24%. 4 million dollars as of 2 March 2020. Edward Pitoniak - CEO. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or “VICI”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, will appear as a featured. Check Background Get Contact Info This Is Me - Edit. Reputation & Background View All. 2 billion Edward Pitoniak: Yeah. Mr. As of 2023, Joseph D. VICI Properties' CEO is Ed Pitoniak, appointed in Oct 2017, has a tenure of 6. Mr. Oct. 73 million as of March 2nd, 2020. Pitoniak served as an independent director at Ritchie Brothers (NYSE: RBA), the world’s largest auctioneers of. Earnings were $1. Edward J Pitoniak. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $16. Her age is 68. (NYSE:VICI) Q4 2020 Earnings Conference Call February 19, 2021 10:00 AM ETCompany Participants. Hilton Head Island, SC,. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. 28% compared to the previous year's $1. | June 5, 2023American actor and producer Edward Norton has impressively amassed a net worth of $300 million. Reputation Score: 2. Net income and FFO attributable to common stockholders was $161. They. Net Worth 2023 – Public Storage CEO Salary. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is Chief Executive Officer at VICI Properties Inc. VICI Properties Inc (NYSE:VICI) Q4-2022 earnings call transcript. 2 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. ’s net worth can be estimated to be between 20-35 million USD. Financial report VICI CEO Edward Pitoniak. What is the salary of Mr Pitoniak? As the CEO & Director of VICI Properties Inc, the total compensation of Mr. John Payne - President. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. Check Background Get Contact Info This Is Me - Edit. Another important metric to look at is Net Debt / LQA Adj. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or the “Company”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, appeared as a featured guest on CNBC’s “Mad Money. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over 10,698,470$ and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over 0$. His annual compensation reportedly stands at 12-15 million USD. All net sales are generated in the United States. 3 billion in 2021. On average, the donors contributed about $285,000 to the Trump campaign and its joint-fundraising committees, which split their hauls with the Republican Party. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. Mr. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $14. Mr. 3% bonuses, including company stock and options. 9 million in Q3 2022 to $556. announced today that Edward Pitoniak, Chief Executive Officer, John Payne, President and Chief Operating Officer, and David Kieske, Chief. Mr. Mr. Previously, he served as Vice Chairman of Realterm, a private equity real estate manager, and he still currently serves as. Edward Pitoniak, Vici CEO, joins 'Power Lunch' to discuss why it's important to own 100% of Mandalay Bay and MGM Grand, how the company could've paid less for for its stake in both companies and more. Mr. 76. Net Worth in 2023: $1 Million - $5 Million: Salary in 2023: Under Review: Net. com uses cookies on this site. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or “VICI”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, will appear as a featured guest on CNBC’s “Last Call” on Wednesday, July 26, 2023. As of 2023, Ed Pitoniak’s net worth can be said to be in the range of 40-55 million USD. As of 2023, Mortimer J Buckley’s net worth can lie between 60-75 million USD. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over 10,698,470$ and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over 0$. Edward Pitoniak: Yeah. She was born on March 30, 1922 and. Payne may own. VICI Properties Inc. Mr. VICI Properties' CEO is Ed Pitoniak, appointed in Oct 2017, has a tenure of 6. Upon completion of the merger, VICI will have an estimated enterprise value of approximately $44. 60 billion, an increase of 72. . Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI. She earned a 1983 Tony nomination for Best Actress. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. 3 million in Q3 2023. Our net debt to adjusted EBITDA pro forma for a full year of rent from the MGP transaction is. Mr. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $16. LinkedIn is the world’s largest business network, helping professionals like Edward Pitoniak discover inside connections to recommended. Eleanor Pitoniak, (203) 377-8846, Stratford — Public Records Instantly. reducing net income and FFO but is added back to arrive at AFFO. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $8,787,128 and over the last 6 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. Mr. Ridgway, PA (15853) Today. [email protected] FREE Public Profile & Reputation for Edward Pitoniak in Philadelphia, PA - Court Records | Photos | Address, Email & Phone | Reviews | Net WorthEdward Baltazar Pitoniak Net Worth. Mr. Mill Valley, CA September 01, 2020 1:29pm 7-Day Forecast | Traffic. m. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $10,692,162 and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. 3 Milion dollars as of 2 March 2020. 69% and a trailing twelve-month return on equity of. Ridgway, PA (15853) Today. This amount is from his extensive career as a meteorologist among other investments. Pitoniak previously occupied the position. Pitoniak's Net Worth? The current estimated net worth of Vici Properties Inc's Chief Executive Officer, Edward B. Temps nearly steady in the mid 30s. Pitoniak, 81, of 4 Columbia St. Mr. Net Worth: Relationship: Kids: View Personal Details. 7% salary and 91. Russell, Jr. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is Chief Executive Officer at VICI Properties Inc. The estimated net worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $10 Million dollars as of 2023-08-19. Previously, Mr. NEW YORK, June 27, 2022--VICI Properties Inc. Home. 8 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. He reportedly takes home an annual compensation package of 11-15 million USD. NEW YORK, February 27, 2023--VICI Properties Inc. 00%. There are 2 executives at VICI Properties Inc getting paid more, with Edward Pitoniak having the highest compensation of $5,555,660. 3 million. VICI Properties Inc. is an S&P 500® experiential real estate investment trust that owns one of the largest portfolios of market-leading gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort Las Vegas, three of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip. Susan Rosinski, Beth Pitoniak, Amy Pitoniak, Scott Pitoniak and Susan Pitoniak, and many others are family members and associates of Scott. 24%. Showing 1 - 98 of 98 results. John Payne - President & COO. VICI Properties Inc. In 1999, he married Sophie Rhys Jones with who she has two children, Lady Louise Windsor and. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is a businessperson who has been at the head of 5 different companies and currently holds the position of Governor at Brentwood College Association and Chief Executive Officer & Director at VICI Properties, Inc. 9%, which we believe will be among the higher growth rates for S&P 500 REITs for Q2 2023, and yet at one of the lowest price to earnings growth ratios, PEG or PEG plus yield ratios. Tom Herzog Net Worth – Healthpeak Properties CEO Salary. And she confidently gallops through the turbulent Russian-U. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $16. Scott's annual salary is between $100 - 149,999; properties and other assets push Scott's net worth over $100,000 -. There are 98 obituaries and memoriams for the surname Pitoniak. VICI Properties, Inc. Pitoniak, is estimated to be about $8. S. compared to analyst estimates of $410. By continuing to use our service, you agree to our use of cookies. 6 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. 6 Million dollars as of 20 August 2019. Mr. Yes, the private investor Fidelity is profitable. CEO Edward Pitoniak Appears on CNBC’s “Power Lunch”. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI,” “VICI Properties” or the “Company”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that itsNet income attributable to common stockholders also saw a significant increase, rising from $330. 2 Milión dollars as of 2 March 2020. Mr. American Actress. , an experiential real estate investment trust, announced today that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, appeared as a featured guest on CNBC’s “Mad Money with Jim. The estimated net worth of Mr. Median net worth, however, rose 18% over that. R. View FREE Public Profile & Reputation for Edward Pitoniak in Exeter, RI - Court Records | Photos | Address, Email & Phone | Reviews | Net WorthVICI Properties Inc. 48M. Edward Pitoniak - Chief. with Edward Pitoniak having the highest compensation of. Pitoniak discussed the Company’s deal to. 00 per. From 2006 to 2019 Mr. Pitoniak discussed VICI Properties' recently announced. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer and Director at VICI Properties. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak Net Worth. chronology. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is also the Director of RB Global Inc and owns about 7,281 shares of. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE: VICI) ("VICI Properties" or the "Company"), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc. VICI Properties Inc. John Payne - President & COO. View Edward Pitoniak’s professional profile on LinkedIn. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or “VICI”), an experiential real estate investment trust. Advanced Charting Compare Compare to Benchmark: DJIA S&P 500 GLOBAL DOW NASDAQ Real Estate/Construction Compare to Open 28. 091% of the company’s shares, worth $26. On September 27, we. | April 9, 2023The estimated net worth of John W. July 26, 2023 04:57 PM Eastern Daylight Time. 3 Millón dollars as of 2 March 2020. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $14. Additionally, Mr. (NYSE:VICI) Q2 2023 Earnings Conference Call July 27, 2023 10:00 AM ETCompany Participants. NEW YORK-- ( BUSINESS WIRE )--VICI Properties Inc. Previously, Mr. 74 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. Mr. What is Edward B. Edward D. VICI Properties, Inc. Previously, he served as Vice Chairman of Realterm, a. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $16. At the end of 2021, the portfolio consisted of 28 hotels (25,062 rooms), 4 golf courses and approximately 39,510 gaming rooms. 8 Milhão dollars as of 2 March 2020. Create. 3 Миллион dollars as of 2 March 2020. . — InnVest Real Estate Investment Trust announced the appointment of Edward Pitoniak as acting president and CEO. 4 million • AFFO per share increased 5. Mr. Mr. Reputation Score: 1. The estimated net worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $9. David Kieske - EVP. 6 million, an initial lease term of 25 years, and six five-year tenant renewal options. See Free Details & Reputation Profile for Elizabeth Pitoniak (60) in Westfield, MA. VICI Properties CEO – Edward Pitoniak (Age – 67) Sun Communities CEO – Gary Shiffman (Age-68)Pitoniak cited his company’s role within the U. Oct. See Edward Baltazar Pitoniak's compensation, career history, education, & memberships. VICI Properties Inc. Pamela's reported annual income is about $20 - 29,999; with a net worth that tops Greater than $499,999. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak Net Worth. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. As of 2022, Tom Herzog’s net worth is estimated to be between 15-20 million USD. The revenue from lease financing receivables, loans,. Mr. 11. There are 10 executives at VICI Properties Inc getting paid more, with Edward Pitoniak having the highest compensation of $5,555,660. 8M . Most of his money came from the Duchy of Cornwall, a private estate that funds the life and activities. VICI Properties Inc. Pitoniak served as Vice Chairman of Realterm, a. Edward Pitoniak - CEO & Director. She was an actress, known for Unfaithful (2002), The Survivors (1983) and Hiding Out (1987). Earnings were $1. Net Worth in 2021. Currently, Mr. VICI Properties Inc. She is from USA. Payne receives an annual salary of $3,250,000. is an S&P 500® experiential real estate investment trust that owns one of the largest portfolios of market-leading gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort. 4. VICI Properties also entered a triple-net master lease with Bowlero. 51M, comprised of 8. VICI Properties 535 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor New York, NY 10022 +646 949 4631CNBC's Jim Cramer interviewed VICI CEO Edward Pitoniak on Friday's episode of "Mad Money. Pitoniak is the Chief Executive Officer of VICI Properties Inc. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak Net Worth. PITONIAK: Edward B. Jan 9, 1913 - Jan 1971 . Matthew's annual salary is between $70 - 79,999; properties and other assets push Matthew's net worth over $50,000 - $99,999. Net Worth: Relationship: Kids: View Personal Details. Reputation & Background View All. Edward Majowicz, Cherilynn Boden, Tracy Keyes, Frank Makosiej and. 4 Milione dollars as of 2 March 2020. Edward Pitoniak. Nathan Pitoniak Pittsfield, MA. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer et Director at VICI Properties Inc. They. There are 4 executives at VICI Properties Inc getting paid more, with Edward Pitoniak having the highest compensation of. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $9,903,654 and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. VICI Properties has a growing. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or “VICI”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, will appear as a featured. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $10,629,081 and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. Sep 30, 1932 – Sep 5, 2006 (Age 73) Send Flowers Opens send flowers url in a new windowAverage net worth increased by 2% to $748,800 between 2016 and 2019, the bank reported in September 2020, the most recent year it published the data. Scott's annual salary is between $100 - 149,999; properties and other assets push Scott's net worth over $100,000 - $249,999. . Anne Pitoniak is an American actress. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer e Director at VICI Properties. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $14. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI,” “VICI Properties” or the “Company”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, appeared as a featured guest on CNBC’s “Power Lunch” on Tuesday, June 7, 2022. The group has hotels, casinos and golf courses leased to operators. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $10,383,067 and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. . ADAMS -- Robert Ralph Pitoniak, 73, of 125 Friend St. Mr. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. What is the salary of Mr Pitoniak? As the CEO & Director of VICI Properties Inc, the total compensation of Mr. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. From 2006 to 2019 Mr. Edward J. . 6 Million dollars as of 20 August 2019. We have estimated Anne Pitoniak’s net worth, money, salary, income, and assets. 5 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. CEO Edward Pitoniak to Appear on CNBC's "Last Call" Stockhouse. To quickly recap, VICI has a strong moat, collected 100% of rent during. -4. And just for those of your listeners who don't know exactly what triple net means, what is basically means is that the occupant of the building pays for everything. LinkedIn is the world’s largest business network, helping professionals like Edward Pitoniak discover inside connections to recommended. (VICI) CEO Edward Pitoniak on Q3 2019 Results - Earnings Call Transcript. You might be interested to know more about Anne Pitoniak. Pitoniak: Chief Executive Officer: The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U. Mr. On September 27, we. 28 per share • AFFO increased 12. (NYSE:NYSE:VICI) Q4 2019 Results Earnings Conference Call February 20, 2020 5:00 PM ETCompany ParticipantsSamantha Gallagher - Executive Vice PresidentEdward Pitoniak -. Global 2000 (2023) #734 - PROFITS #852 - ASSETS #516 - MARKET VALUE. Edward Pitoniak, Chief Executive Officer of VICI Properties. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. Hilton Head Island, SC, is where Edward Pitoniak lives today. Mr. Edward B. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer e Director at VICI Properties Inc. 41-3. 51M, comprised of 8. S. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer and Director at VICI Properties Inc. Samantha Gallagher - General Counsel. Our net debt to adjusted EBITDA pro forma for a full year of rent from the MGP transaction is. June 09, 2022 04:18 PM Eastern Daylight Time. (NYSE: VICI) ("VICI Properties" or the "Company"), an experiential real estate investment trust,. Pitoniak served as Vice Chairman of Realterm, a private equity real estate manager. View FREE Public Profile & Reputation for Mark Pitoniak in Salisbury, MD - Court Records | Photos | Address, Emails & Phone | Reviews | $90 - $99,999 Net WorthEdward Baltazar Pitoniak Net Worth. Edward Pitoniak: Yeah. Edward Pitoniak was born on 11/20/1938 and is 84 years old. 8 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. Edward Pitoniak - Chief. com uses cookies on this site. Vici Properties Inc. And if that adds up to 10% total return year after year you get to take advantage of the rule of 72, which I’m sure you and your audience are well aware of. Named Outstanding Young Person, Taylor Junior Chamber of Commerce, 1987, State Legislator of Year, Michigan Credit Union League, 1993. 4. Actress: Unfaithful. Wallmine is a radically better financial terminal. Reading time 2 min. Mr. The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $15. Goldstein: Las Vegas Sands (LVS). The estimated Net Worth of Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is at least $16. (NYSE:VICI) ("VICI Properties" or "VICI"), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, will appear as a featured guest on CNBC. is an S&P 500® experiential real estate investment trust that owns one of the largest portfolios of market-leading gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas,. Mr. This net worth evaluation does not reflect any other investments that Mr. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer et Director at VICI Properties Inc. Edward Pitoniak holds a 1974 - 1978 Bachelor of Arts in English @ Amherst College. Edward Pitoniak (Age – 67) Sun Communities CEO – Gary Shiffman (Age-68). VICI Properties Inc. Edward also answers to Arnold E Pitoniak, Edward Atoniak, Edward A Pitoniak, Edward A Pitomiak and Edward A Pitaniak, and perhaps a couple of other names. 0 billion, firmly solidifying VICI’s position as the largest experiential net lease REIT while. And just for those of your listeners who don't know exactly what triple net means, what is basically means is that the occupant of the building pays for everything. (NYSE:VICI) Q3 2023 Earnings Conference Call October 26, 2023 10:00 AM ETCompany Participants. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer és Director at VICI Properties Inc. 3 Millón dollars as of 2 March 2020. What is the salary of Mr Pitoniak? As the CEO & Director of VICI Properties Inc, the total compensation of Mr. 67 million as of July 31st, 2020. Mr. Susan Rosinski, Beth Pitoniak, Amy Pitoniak, Scott Pitoniak and Susan Pitoniak, and many others are family members and associates of Scott. directly owns 0. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI. VICI Properties Inc. Mr. 8 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. Edward Baltazar Pitoniak is the CEO & Director at VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE:NYSE:VICI) Q2 2018 Earnings Conference Call August 3, 2018 10:00 AM ETExecutivesJacques Cornet - IREdward Pitoniak - CEOJohn Payne - President and COODavid Kieske. 51 billion. snowmobile drag races near me today. Adams, Massachusetts. Edward Pitoniak Net Worth 2023 – VICI Properties CEO Salary. 9 million, or $0. Pitoniak. " Sign up and learn more about the CNBC Investing Club with Jim Cram. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer a Director at VICI Properties Inc. 2022. In the last 5 years at Vici Properties Inc, Edward B. Net Margin (ttm) 67. Mr. (NYSE: VICI) ("VICI Properties" or "VICI"), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, appeared as. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI Properties Inc stock worth over $10,887,712 and over the last 7 years he sold VICI stock worth over $0. 595E Ten Rod Road . Mr. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI Properties” or the “Company”), an experiential real estate investment trust, today announced that its CEO, Edward Pitoniak, appeared as a featured guest on CNBC’s “Power Lunch” on Thursday, December 1, 2022. 4. 01M; Mr. The estimated Net Worth of Craig Macnab is at least $20. Among the numerous M&A manoeuvres undertaken byVICI Properties buys MGM Growth Properties for $17. In terms of net leverage, net debt to annualized Q3 adjusted EBITDA is approximately 5. Pitoniak's Net Worth? The current estimated net worth of Vici Properties Inc's Chief Executive Officer, Edward B. 62%. Edward B. Over the last 6 years, insiders at VICI Properties Inc have traded over $0 worth of VICI Properties Inc. As the CEO & Director of VICI Properties Inc, the total compensation of Mr Pitoniak at VICI Properties Inc is $3,612,894. 9% year-over-year to $0. Pitoniak. Work: Ctc, Inc. VICI Properties Inc. 5 million USD in 2021. 8M . VICI Properties Inc. Forty years ago this week, her ambition and talents took her to the Tony Awards red carpet. In addition, he makes $5,555,660 as Chief Executive Officer and Director at VICI Properties Inc. As of November 21, 2023, Elon Musk was the wealthiest person in the United States, with an estimated net worth of. VICI Properties Inc. , Adams, died Wednesday, March 11, 2009, at 8 a. Edward Pitoniak. Edward Pitoniak Hilton Head Island, SC. is a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in casino properties, based in New York City. (NYSE:NYSE:VICI) Q2 2018 Earnings Conference Call August 3, 2018 10:00 AM ETExecutivesJacques Cornet - IREdward Pitoniak - CEOJohn Payne - President and COODavid Kieske. Pitoniak owns over 23,710 units of VICI. Pitoniak is VICI’s Chief Executive Officer and is a member of our board of directors. 2 Million dollars as of 2 March 2020. We also. Net sales break down by type of assets as follows: - hotels and casinos (98%); - golf courses (2%).